这取决于您需要什么级别的互操作性，但首先要认识到的是，在 JSON.Net中，JSON 文件中的所有标记都在内部继承自 JToken，因此与其在模型中使用无类型对象引用，您将获得更好的默认值通过将动态属性键入为JToken.

这个简单的解决方案显示了Question类上的一个辅助方法，该方法将 Answer 解析为强类型对象引用。根据您的实现要求，您甚至可能不需要对答案进行强类型访问，但是此方法允许您在反序列化完成后对记录值进行后处理和故障排除。

https://dotnetfiddle.net/FwFyOU

List<Question> questions = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Question>>(GetJSON());
FiddleHelper.WriteTable(questions);

foreach(var question in questions)
{
    object answer = question.GetTypedAnswer();
    Console.WriteLine("Question: [{0}] {1}: ({2}) {3}", question.QuestionId, question.Title, answer.GetType().Name, answer );
}

模型类定义

注意：根本不需要Questions定义一个被调用的类。

public class Question
{
    public JToken Answer { get; set; }
    public int QuestionId { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string AnswerType { get; set; }  
    
    public object GetTypedAnswer ()
    {
        switch(AnswerType.ToLower())
        {
            case "boolean":
                return Answer.Value<bool>();
            case "string":
                return Answer.Value<string>();
            case "option":
                return (Answer as JObject).ToObject<Option>();
            default:
                return Answer;
        }
    }
}

public class Option
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public string Reference { get; set; }
    public DateTime? ArchiveDate { get; set; }
    public string ParentId { get; set; }
    public OptionType OptionType { get;set; }
    
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return String.Format("[{0}] {1} ({2})", Reference, Description, OptionType.Type);
    }
}
public class OptionType
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Type { get; set; }        
}

输出：

Question: [55] Are you Married?: (Boolean) True
Question: [56] What is your name?: (String) Mr John Doe
Question: [778] Gender: (Option) [F] Female (dropdown)

另一种解决方案是使用JsonConverter的Answer财产，但是在这种情况下所需的元数据，以解决该类型是在父令牌定义，而不是价值本身，这意味着您的自定义转换器将需要通过试验来解决的类型和如果要比较的类型很多，错误可能会非常慢。

折中方法是为Question类本身使用自定义转换器，选择一种方法而不是另一种方法取决于您的需要以及需要​​解析的类型数量（如果需要解析它们）。

https://dotnetfiddle.net/m46NaX

    List<Question> questions = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Question>>(GetJSON());
    FiddleHelper.WriteTable(questions);
    
    foreach(var question in questions)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Question: [{0}] {1}: ({2}) {3}", question.QuestionId, question.Title, question.Answer.GetType().Name, question.Answer );
    }

Json 转换器实现

[JsonConverter(typeof(QuestionConverter))]
public class Question
{
    public object Answer { get; set; }
    public int QuestionId { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string AnswerType { get; set; }  
}

public class QuestionConverter : JsonConverter<Question>
{
    public override Question ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, Question existingValue, bool hasExistingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        JObject item = JObject.Load(reader);
        var result = new Question();
        result.QuestionId = item.GetValue(nameof(result.QuestionId)).Value<int>();
        result.Title = item.GetValue(nameof(result.Title)).Value<string>();
        result.AnswerType = item.GetValue(nameof(result.AnswerType)).Value<string>();
        
        var answer = item.GetValue(nameof(result.Answer));
        switch(result.AnswerType.ToLower())
        {
            case "boolean":
                result.Answer = answer.Value<bool>();
                break;
            case "string":
                result.Answer =  answer.Value<string>();
                break;
            case "option":
                result.Answer =  (answer as JObject).ToObject<Option>();
                break;
            default:
                result.Answer =  answer;
                break;
        }

        return result;
    }
    
    public override bool CanWrite{ get => false; }
    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, Question value, JsonSerializer serializer) {  }
}

public class Option
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public string Reference { get; set; }
    public DateTime? ArchiveDate { get; set; }
    public string ParentId { get; set; }
    public OptionType OptionType { get;set; }
    
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return String.Format("[{0}] {1} ({2})", Reference, Description, OptionType.Type);
    }
}
public class OptionType
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Type { get; set; }        
}